/*
 * Copyright Elasticsearch B.V. and/or licensed to Elasticsearch B.V. under one
 * or more contributor license agreements. Licensed under the "Elastic License
 * 2.0", the "GNU Affero General Public License v3.0 only", and the "Server Side
 * Public License v 1"; you may not use this file except in compliance with, at
 * your election, the "Elastic License 2.0", the "GNU Affero General Public
 * License v3.0 only", or the "Server Side Public License, v 1".
 */

package org.elasticsearch.search.aggregations.metrics;

import org.apache.lucene.index.LeafReaderContext;
import org.elasticsearch.search.aggregations.Aggregator;
import org.elasticsearch.search.aggregations.AggregatorFactories;
import org.elasticsearch.search.aggregations.AggregatorFactory;
import org.elasticsearch.search.aggregations.CardinalityUpperBound;
import org.elasticsearch.search.aggregations.support.AggregationContext;
import org.elasticsearch.search.aggregations.support.CoreValuesSourceType;
import org.elasticsearch.search.aggregations.support.TimeSeriesValuesSourceType;
import org.elasticsearch.search.aggregations.support.ValuesSource;
import org.elasticsearch.search.aggregations.support.ValuesSourceAggregatorFactory;
import org.elasticsearch.search.aggregations.support.ValuesSourceConfig;
import org.elasticsearch.search.aggregations.support.ValuesSourceRegistry;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.stream.Stream;

public class CardinalityAggregatorFactory extends ValuesSourceAggregatorFactory {

    public enum ExecutionMode {
        GLOBAL_ORDINALS(false) {
            @Override
            public boolean useGlobalOrdinals(AggregationContext context, ValuesSource.Bytes.WithOrdinals source, int precision) {
                return true;
            }

            @Override
            public boolean useSegmentOrdinals(long maxOrd, int precision) {
                return false;
            }
        },
        SEGMENT_ORDINALS(false) {
            @Override
            public boolean useGlobalOrdinals(AggregationContext context, ValuesSource.Bytes.WithOrdinals source, int precision) {
                return false;
            }

            @Override
            public boolean useSegmentOrdinals(long maxOrd, int precision) {
                return true;
            }
        },
        DIRECT(false) {
            @Override
            public boolean useGlobalOrdinals(AggregationContext context, ValuesSource.Bytes.WithOrdinals source, int precision) {
                return false;
            }

            @Override
            public boolean useSegmentOrdinals(long maxOrd, int precision) {
                return false;
            }
        },
        SAVE_MEMORY_HEURISTIC(true) {
            @Override
            public boolean useGlobalOrdinals(AggregationContext context, ValuesSource.Bytes.WithOrdinals source, int precision)
                throws IOException {
                return useGlobalOrds(context, source, precision);
            }

            @Override
            public boolean useSegmentOrdinals(long maxOrd, int precision) {
                final long ordinalsMemoryUsage = CardinalityAggregator.OrdinalsCollector.memoryOverhead(maxOrd);
                final long countsMemoryUsage = HyperLogLogPlusPlus.memoryUsage(precision);
                // only use ordinals if they don't increase memory usage by more than 25%
                if (ordinalsMemoryUsage < countsMemoryUsage / 4) {
                    return true;
                }
                return false;
            }
        },
        SAVE_TIME_HEURISTIC(true) {
            @Override
            public boolean useGlobalOrdinals(AggregationContext context, ValuesSource.Bytes.WithOrdinals source, int precision)
                throws IOException {
                return useGlobalOrds(context, source, precision);
            }

            @Override
            public boolean useSegmentOrdinals(long maxOrd, int precision) {
                // Using segment ordinals is much faster than using the direct collector, even when it uses more memory
                return true;
            }
        };

        public static ExecutionMode fromString(String value) {
            if (value == null) {
                return null;
            }
            try {
                return ExecutionMode.valueOf(value.toUpperCase(Locale.ROOT));
            } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                    "Invalid execution mode for cardinality aggregation.  Got ["
                        + value
                        + "]"
                        + "expected one of [global_ordinal, segment_ordinal, direct]"
                );
            }
        }

        final boolean isHeuristicBased;

        ExecutionMode(boolean isHeuristicBased) {
            this.isHeuristicBased = isHeuristicBased;
        }

        public boolean isHeuristicBased() {
            return isHeuristicBased;
        }

        public abstract boolean useGlobalOrdinals(AggregationContext context, ValuesSource.Bytes.WithOrdinals source, int precision)
            throws IOException;

        public abstract boolean useSegmentOrdinals(long maxOrd, int precision);
    }

    private final Long precisionThreshold;
    private final CardinalityAggregatorSupplier aggregatorSupplier;
    private final ExecutionMode executionMode;

    CardinalityAggregatorFactory(
        String name,
        ValuesSourceConfig config,
        Long precisionThreshold,
        String executionHint,
        AggregationContext context,
        AggregatorFactory parent,
        AggregatorFactories.Builder subFactoriesBuilder,
        Map<String, Object> metadata,
        CardinalityAggregatorSupplier aggregatorSupplier
    ) throws IOException {
        super(name, config, context, parent, subFactoriesBuilder, metadata);

        this.aggregatorSupplier = aggregatorSupplier;
        this.precisionThreshold = precisionThreshold;
        // For BWC reasons, the parameter is nullable.
        this.executionMode = executionHint == null ? ExecutionMode.SAVE_TIME_HEURISTIC : ExecutionMode.fromString(executionHint);
    }

    public static void registerAggregators(ValuesSourceRegistry.Builder builder) {
        builder.register(
            CardinalityAggregationBuilder.REGISTRY_KEY,
            Stream.concat(CoreValuesSourceType.ALL_CORE.stream(), Stream.of(TimeSeriesValuesSourceType.COUNTER)).toList(),
            (name, valuesSourceConfig, precision, executionMode, context, parent, metadata) -> {
                // check global ords
                if (valuesSourceConfig.hasValues()) {
                    if (valuesSourceConfig.getValuesSource() instanceof final ValuesSource.Bytes.WithOrdinals source) {
                        if (executionMode.useGlobalOrdinals(context, source, precision)) {
                            final String field;
                            if (valuesSourceConfig.alignesWithSearchIndex()) {
                                field = valuesSourceConfig.fieldType().name();
                            } else {
                                field = null;
                            }
                            final long maxOrd = source.globalMaxOrd(context.searcher().getIndexReader());
                            return new GlobalOrdCardinalityAggregator(
                                name,
                                source,
                                field,
                                precision,
                                Math.toIntExact(maxOrd),
                                context,
                                parent,
                                metadata
                            );
                        }
                    }
                }
                // fallback in the default aggregator
                return new CardinalityAggregator(name, valuesSourceConfig, precision, executionMode, context, parent, metadata);
            },
            true
        );
    }

    private static boolean useGlobalOrds(AggregationContext context, ValuesSource.Bytes.WithOrdinals source, int precision)
        throws IOException {
        final List<LeafReaderContext> leaves = context.searcher().getIndexReader().leaves();
        // we compute the total number of terms across all segments
        long total = 0;
        for (LeafReaderContext leaf : leaves) {
            total += source.ordinalsValues(leaf).getValueCount();
        }
        final long countsMemoryUsage = HyperLogLogPlusPlus.memoryUsage(precision);
        // we assume there are 25% of repeated values when there is more than one leaf
        final long ordinalsMemoryUsage = leaves.size() == 1 ? total * 4L : total * 3L;
        // we do not consider the size if the bitSet, I think at most they can be ~1MB per bucket
        return ordinalsMemoryUsage < countsMemoryUsage;
    }

    @Override
    protected Aggregator createUnmapped(Aggregator parent, Map<String, Object> metadata) throws IOException {
        final InternalCardinality empty = InternalCardinality.empty(name, metadata);
        return new NonCollectingSingleMetricAggregator(name, context, parent, empty, metadata);
    }

    @Override
    protected Aggregator doCreateInternal(Aggregator parent, CardinalityUpperBound cardinality, Map<String, Object> metadata)
        throws IOException {
        return aggregatorSupplier.build(name, config, precision(), executionMode, context, parent, metadata);
    }

    private int precision() {
        return precisionThreshold == null
            ? HyperLogLogPlusPlus.DEFAULT_PRECISION
            : HyperLogLogPlusPlus.precisionFromThreshold(precisionThreshold);
    }
}