/*
 *	exec.c
 *
 *	execution functions
 *
 *	Copyright (c) 2010-2025, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
 *	src/bin/pg_upgrade/exec.c
 */

#include "postgres_fe.h"

#include <fcntl.h>

#include "common/string.h"
#include "pg_upgrade.h"

static void check_data_dir(ClusterInfo *cluster);
static void check_bin_dir(ClusterInfo *cluster, bool check_versions);
static void get_bin_version(ClusterInfo *cluster);
static void check_exec(const char *dir, const char *program, bool check_version);

#ifdef WIN32
static int	win32_check_directory_write_permissions(void);
#endif


/*
 * get_bin_version
 *
 *	Fetch major version of binaries for cluster.
 */
static void
get_bin_version(ClusterInfo *cluster)
{
	char		cmd[MAXPGPATH],
				cmd_output[MAX_STRING];
	FILE	   *output;
	int			rc;
	int			v1 = 0,
				v2 = 0;

	snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd), "\"%s/pg_ctl\" --version", cluster->bindir);
	fflush(NULL);

	if ((output = popen(cmd, "r")) == NULL ||
		fgets(cmd_output, sizeof(cmd_output), output) == NULL)
		pg_fatal("could not get pg_ctl version data using %s: %m", cmd);

	rc = pclose(output);
	if (rc != 0)
		pg_fatal("could not get pg_ctl version data using %s: %s",
				 cmd, wait_result_to_str(rc));

	if (sscanf(cmd_output, "%*s %*s %d.%d", &v1, &v2) < 1)
		pg_fatal("could not get pg_ctl version output from %s", cmd);

	if (v1 < 10)
	{
		/* old style, e.g. 9.6.1 */
		cluster->bin_version = v1 * 10000 + v2 * 100;
	}
	else
	{
		/* new style, e.g. 10.1 */
		cluster->bin_version = v1 * 10000;
	}
}


/*
 * exec_prog()
 *		Execute an external program with stdout/stderr redirected, and report
 *		errors
 *
 * Formats a command from the given argument list, logs it to the log file,
 * and attempts to execute that command.  If the command executes
 * successfully, exec_prog() returns true.
 *
 * If the command fails, an error message is optionally written to the specified
 * log_file, and the program optionally exits.
 *
 * The code requires it be called first from the primary thread on Windows.
 */
bool
exec_prog(const char *log_filename, const char *opt_log_file,
		  bool report_error, bool exit_on_error, const char *fmt,...)
{
	int			result = 0;
	int			written;
	char		log_file[MAXPGPATH];

#define MAXCMDLEN (2 * MAXPGPATH)
	char		cmd[MAXCMDLEN];
	FILE	   *log;
	va_list		ap;

#ifdef WIN32
	static DWORD mainThreadId = 0;

	/* We assume we are called from the primary thread first */
	if (mainThreadId == 0)
		mainThreadId = GetCurrentThreadId();
#endif

	snprintf(log_file, MAXPGPATH, "%s/%s", log_opts.logdir, log_filename);

	written = 0;
	va_start(ap, fmt);
	written += vsnprintf(cmd + written, MAXCMDLEN - written, fmt, ap);
	va_end(ap);
	if (written >= MAXCMDLEN)
		pg_fatal("command too long");
	written += snprintf(cmd + written, MAXCMDLEN - written,
						" >> \"%s\" 2>&1", log_file);
	if (written >= MAXCMDLEN)
		pg_fatal("command too long");

	pg_log(PG_VERBOSE, "%s", cmd);

#ifdef WIN32

	/*
	 * For some reason, Windows issues a file-in-use error if we write data to
	 * the log file from a non-primary thread just before we create a
	 * subprocess that also writes to the same log file.  One fix is to sleep
	 * for 100ms.  A cleaner fix is to write to the log file _after_ the
	 * subprocess has completed, so we do this only when writing from a
	 * non-primary thread.  fflush(), running system() twice, and pre-creating
	 * the file do not see to help.
	 */
	if (mainThreadId != GetCurrentThreadId())
	{
		fflush(NULL);
		result = system(cmd);
	}
#endif

	log = fopen(log_file, "a");

#ifdef WIN32
	{
		/*
		 * "pg_ctl -w stop" might have reported that the server has stopped
		 * because the postmaster.pid file has been removed, but "pg_ctl -w
		 * start" might still be in the process of closing and might still be
		 * holding its stdout and -l log file descriptors open.  Therefore,
		 * try to open the log file a few more times.
		 */
		int			iter;

		for (iter = 0; iter < 4 && log == NULL; iter++)
		{
			pg_usleep(1000000); /* 1 sec */
			log = fopen(log_file, "a");
		}
	}
#endif

	if (log == NULL)
		pg_fatal("could not open log file \"%s\": %m", log_file);

#ifdef WIN32
	/* Are we printing "command:" before its output? */
	if (mainThreadId == GetCurrentThreadId())
		fprintf(log, "\n\n");
#endif
	fprintf(log, "command: %s\n", cmd);
#ifdef WIN32
	/* Are we printing "command:" after its output? */
	if (mainThreadId != GetCurrentThreadId())
		fprintf(log, "\n\n");
#endif

	/*
	 * In Windows, we must close the log file at this point so the file is not
	 * open while the command is running, or we get a share violation.
	 */
	fclose(log);

#ifdef WIN32
	/* see comment above */
	if (mainThreadId == GetCurrentThreadId())
#endif
	{
		fflush(NULL);
		result = system(cmd);
	}

	if (result != 0 && report_error)
	{
		/* we might be in on a progress status line, so go to the next line */
		report_status(PG_REPORT, "\n*failure*");
		fflush(stdout);

		pg_log(PG_VERBOSE, "There were problems executing \"%s\"", cmd);
		if (opt_log_file)
			pg_log(exit_on_error ? PG_FATAL : PG_REPORT,
				   "Consult the last few lines of \"%s\" or \"%s\" for\n"
				   "the probable cause of the failure.",
				   log_file, opt_log_file);
		else
			pg_log(exit_on_error ? PG_FATAL : PG_REPORT,
				   "Consult the last few lines of \"%s\" for\n"
				   "the probable cause of the failure.",
				   log_file);
	}

#ifndef WIN32

	/*
	 * We can't do this on Windows because it will keep the "pg_ctl start"
	 * output filename open until the server stops, so we do the \n\n above on
	 * that platform.  We use a unique filename for "pg_ctl start" that is
	 * never reused while the server is running, so it works fine.  We could
	 * log these commands to a third file, but that just adds complexity.
	 */
	if ((log = fopen(log_file, "a")) == NULL)
		pg_fatal("could not write to log file \"%s\": %m", log_file);
	fprintf(log, "\n\n");
	fclose(log);
#endif

	return result == 0;
}


/*
 * pid_lock_file_exists()
 *
 * Checks whether the postmaster.pid file exists.
 */
bool
pid_lock_file_exists(const char *datadir)
{
	char		path[MAXPGPATH];
	int			fd;

	snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/postmaster.pid", datadir);

	if ((fd = open(path, O_RDONLY, 0)) < 0)
	{
		/* ENOTDIR means we will throw a more useful error later */
		if (errno != ENOENT && errno != ENOTDIR)
			pg_fatal("could not open file \"%s\" for reading: %m", path);

		return false;
	}

	close(fd);
	return true;
}


/*
 * verify_directories()
 *
 * does all the hectic work of verifying directories and executables
 * of old and new server.
 *
 * NOTE: May update the values of all parameters
 */
void
verify_directories(void)
{
#ifndef WIN32
	if (access(".", R_OK | W_OK | X_OK) != 0)
#else
	if (win32_check_directory_write_permissions() != 0)
#endif
		pg_fatal("You must have read and write access in the current directory.");

	check_bin_dir(&old_cluster, false);
	check_data_dir(&old_cluster);
	check_bin_dir(&new_cluster, true);
	check_data_dir(&new_cluster);
}


#ifdef WIN32
/*
 * win32_check_directory_write_permissions()
 *
 *	access() on WIN32 can't check directory permissions, so we have to
 *	optionally create, then delete a file to check.
 *		http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/1w06ktdy%28v=vs.80%29.aspx
 */
static int
win32_check_directory_write_permissions(void)
{
	int			fd;

	/*
	 * We open a file we would normally create anyway.  We do this even in
	 * 'check' mode, which isn't ideal, but this is the best we can do.
	 */
	if ((fd = open(GLOBALS_DUMP_FILE, O_RDWR | O_CREAT, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR)) < 0)
		return -1;
	close(fd);

	return unlink(GLOBALS_DUMP_FILE);
}
#endif


/*
 * check_single_dir()
 *
 *	Check for the presence of a single directory in PGDATA, and fail if
 * is it missing or not accessible.
 */
static void
check_single_dir(const char *pg_data, const char *subdir)
{
	struct stat statBuf;
	char		subDirName[MAXPGPATH];

	snprintf(subDirName, sizeof(subDirName), "%s%s%s", pg_data,
	/* Win32 can't stat() a directory with a trailing slash. */
			 *subdir ? "/" : "",
			 subdir);

	if (stat(subDirName, &statBuf) != 0)
		report_status(PG_FATAL, "check for \"%s\" failed: %m",
					  subDirName);
	else if (!S_ISDIR(statBuf.st_mode))
		report_status(PG_FATAL, "\"%s\" is not a directory",
					  subDirName);
}


/*
 * check_data_dir()
 *
 *	This function validates the given cluster directory - we search for a
 *	small set of subdirectories that we expect to find in a valid $PGDATA
 *	directory.  If any of the subdirectories are missing (or secured against
 *	us) we display an error message and exit()
 *
 */
static void
check_data_dir(ClusterInfo *cluster)
{
	const char *pg_data = cluster->pgdata;

	/* get the cluster version */
	cluster->major_version = get_major_server_version(cluster);

	check_single_dir(pg_data, "");
	check_single_dir(pg_data, "base");
	check_single_dir(pg_data, "global");
	check_single_dir(pg_data, "pg_multixact");
	check_single_dir(pg_data, "pg_subtrans");
	check_single_dir(pg_data, PG_TBLSPC_DIR);
	check_single_dir(pg_data, "pg_twophase");

	/* pg_xlog has been renamed to pg_wal in v10 */
	if (GET_MAJOR_VERSION(cluster->major_version) <= 906)
		check_single_dir(pg_data, "pg_xlog");
	else
		check_single_dir(pg_data, "pg_wal");

	/* pg_clog has been renamed to pg_xact in v10 */
	if (GET_MAJOR_VERSION(cluster->major_version) <= 906)
		check_single_dir(pg_data, "pg_clog");
	else
		check_single_dir(pg_data, "pg_xact");
}


/*
 * check_bin_dir()
 *
 *	This function searches for the executables that we expect to find
 *	in the binaries directory.  If we find that a required executable
 *	is missing (or secured against us), we display an error message and
 *	exit().
 *
 *	If check_versions is true, then the versions of the binaries are checked
 *	against the version of this pg_upgrade.  This is for checking the target
 *	bindir.
 */
static void
check_bin_dir(ClusterInfo *cluster, bool check_versions)
{
	struct stat statBuf;

	/* check bindir */
	if (stat(cluster->bindir, &statBuf) != 0)
		report_status(PG_FATAL, "check for \"%s\" failed: %m",
					  cluster->bindir);
	else if (!S_ISDIR(statBuf.st_mode))
		report_status(PG_FATAL, "\"%s\" is not a directory",
					  cluster->bindir);

	check_exec(cluster->bindir, "postgres", check_versions);
	check_exec(cluster->bindir, "pg_controldata", check_versions);
	check_exec(cluster->bindir, "pg_ctl", check_versions);

	/*
	 * Fetch the binary version after checking for the existence of pg_ctl.
	 * This way we report a useful error if the pg_ctl binary used for version
	 * fetching is missing/broken.
	 */
	get_bin_version(cluster);

	/* pg_resetxlog has been renamed to pg_resetwal in version 10 */
	if (GET_MAJOR_VERSION(cluster->bin_version) <= 906)
		check_exec(cluster->bindir, "pg_resetxlog", check_versions);
	else
		check_exec(cluster->bindir, "pg_resetwal", check_versions);

	if (cluster == &new_cluster)
	{
		/*
		 * These binaries are only needed for the target version. pg_dump and
		 * pg_dumpall are used to dump the old cluster, but must be of the
		 * target version.
		 */
		check_exec(cluster->bindir, "initdb", check_versions);
		check_exec(cluster->bindir, "pg_dump", check_versions);
		check_exec(cluster->bindir, "pg_dumpall", check_versions);
		check_exec(cluster->bindir, "pg_restore", check_versions);
		check_exec(cluster->bindir, "psql", check_versions);
		check_exec(cluster->bindir, "vacuumdb", check_versions);
	}
}

static void
check_exec(const char *dir, const char *program, bool check_version)
{
	char		path[MAXPGPATH];
	char	   *line;
	char		cmd[MAXPGPATH];
	char		versionstr[128];

	snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/%s", dir, program);

	if (validate_exec(path) != 0)
		pg_fatal("check for \"%s\" failed: %m", path);

	snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd), "\"%s\" -V", path);

	if ((line = pipe_read_line(cmd)) == NULL)
		pg_fatal("check for \"%s\" failed: cannot execute",
				 path);

	if (check_version)
	{
		pg_strip_crlf(line);

		snprintf(versionstr, sizeof(versionstr), "%s (PostgreSQL) " PG_VERSION, program);

		if (strcmp(line, versionstr) != 0)
			pg_fatal("check for \"%s\" failed: incorrect version: found \"%s\", expected \"%s\"",
					 path, line, versionstr);
	}

	pg_free(line);
}